The SGLT2 inhibitor is currently regarded as a critical medication for diabetes mellitus from the perspective of preventing future cardiovascular disease (CVD) events as a result of the accumulating clinical evidence. This approach is based on a new drug like SGLT2 inhibitors and its impact on heart failure prevention has attracted unparalleled interest. Nowadays, the treatment for diabetes has broadened from glycemic control to a more patient-centered approach with consideration of the hazard of heart failure and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Type 2 diabetes is one of the major risk factors for microvascular and macrovascular diseases. Several randomized control trials have shown that SGLT2 inhibitors can enhance cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients. Oral diabetic drugs known as sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors increase the excretion of glucose by preventing glucose from being reabsorbed by the renal proximal tubules, which reduces plasma glucose levels. Results have shown that the risk of developing stroke, heart failure, myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death were not significantly different in the two groups. No significant difference was found in the incidence of myocardial infarction (risk ratio (RR)=0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.60-1.09), heart failure (RR=0.76, 95% CI: 0.56-1.04), cardiovascular mortality (RR=0.46, 95% CI: 0.18-1.20) and stroke (RR=1.07, 95% CI: 0.84-1.38) between dapagliflozin and empagliflozin. Overall four studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pre-specified primary endpoints were cardiovascular death, stroke, myocardial infarction and heart failure. A search of studies comparing cardiovascular events between dapagliflozin and empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes published up to 1 July 2022 was done by two reviewers independently on PubMed, Embase and Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHIL). The current meta-analysis was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. Thus, the current meta-analysis was conducted to compare the efficacy of dapagliflozin and empagliflozin in preventing cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Currently, studies have shown that SGLT2 inhibitors have beneficial impacts on cardiovascular outcomes, but their effect varies between the individual SGLT2 inhibitors. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are oral diabetes medications that enhance the excretion of glucose by preventing the renal proximal tubules from reabsorbing glucose, which lowers glucose levels in plasma.
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